Professor Raj Chetty sat down with the Institute for New Economic Thinking to discuss how large-scale data is transforming our understanding of social mobility in America. He explains how tools like the Opportunity Atlas reveal, neighborhood by neighborhood, where children have the best chances to rise out of poverty, and highlights how childhood environments, school quality, social capital, and economic connectedness significantly influence life outcomes. He also outlines specific approaches to improve opportunity, such as implementing targeted policies to help families move to higher-opportunity neighborhoods, investing in community opportunity, and increasing access to higher education.